Rene
      Descartes (1596 – 1650) is known as
      “the father of modern philosophy.” In mathematics, he invented the
      Cartesian coordinate system and analytic geometry. His most famous
      statement was “I think, therefore I am.”
        Albert
      Einstein (1879 – 1955) is considered by
      many to be one of the greatest physicists of all time. He is best known
      for his theory of relativity, but also made major contributions to quantum
      theory and statistical mechanics. Einstein was born in Germany, but in the
      1930s was granted permanent residence in the United States. He became an
      American citizen in 1940.
      Jean
      Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768 – 1830)
      was a French physicist and mathematician who is known for investigating
      the Fourier series and its application to problems of heat flow. The
      Fourier transform is
      named after him. In 1827, Fourier observed that atmospheric gases might
      increase the earth’s temperature; this would later be called the
      greenhouse effect.
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